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The Mars system revealed by the Martian Moons eXploration mission
Montmessin, Franck; Leblanc, François; Vandaele, Ann Carine +21 more
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plans a Phobos sample return mission (MMX: Martian Moons eXploration). In this study, we review the related works on the past climate of Mars, its evolution, and the present climate and weather to describe the scientific goals and strategies of the MMX mission regarding the evolution of the Martian surface…
The MMX rover: performing in situ surface investigations on Phobos
Michel, Patrick; Murdoch, Naomi; Zhang, Yun +22 more
The Japanese MMX sample return mission to Phobos by JAXA will carry a rover developed by CNES and DLR that will be deployed on Phobos to perform in situ analysis of the Martian moon's surface properties. Past images of the surface of Phobos show that it is covered by a layer of regolith. However, the mechanical and compositional properties of this…
Asymmetric deformation of the Earth's magnetosphere under low Alfvén Mach number solar wind: Observations and MHD simulation
Kasahara, Satoshi; Lavraud, Benoit; Saito, Yoshifumi +5 more
The density of the solar wind plasma near the Earth's magnetosphere sometimes decreases to only several per cent of the usual value, and such density extrema result in a significant reduction of the dynamic pressure and Alfvén Mach number (
Solar and geomagnetic activity dependence of 150-km echoes observed by the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar in Indonesia
Yokoyama, Tatsuhiro; Takagi, Rieko; Yamamoto, Mamoru
The occurrence characteristics of 150-km echoes in low-latitude regions are studied using the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) in Indonesia. The long-term observation of the 150-km echoes by the EAR enables us to study the occurrence characteristics of 150-km echoes statistically. It is shown that the occurrence rate of the 150-km echoes observed…