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ULF Waves Propagating Through the Martian Magnetosheath into the Ionosphere: A Statistical Study Using Mars Express Observations

Fraenz, Markus; Echer, Ezequiel; Franco, Adriane Marques de Souza +1 more

The Martian magnetosphere is induced, and the low-energy ion escape is related to the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) solar radiation and to the solar wind pressure variations. The ion reflection at the bow shock is a permanent source of ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves. These are convected through the magnetosheath and can penetrate into the upper ionos…