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The ap Prediction Tool Implemented by the A.Ne.Mo.S./NKUA Group

Mavromichalaki, Helen; Livada, Maria; Stassinakis, Argyris +4 more

A novel tool utilizing machine learning techniques was designed to forecast ap index values for the next three consecutive days (24 values). The tool employs time series data from the 3 h ap index of solar cycles 23 and 24 to train the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model, predicting ap index values for the next 72 h at three-hour intervals. During…

Energy Dependence of Solar Energetic Protons and Their Origin in Solar Cycles 23 and 24

Miteva, Rositsa; Dechev, Momchil; Samwel, Susan W.

The study presents the compilation of a comprehensive catalog of solar energetic protons (SEPs) in solar cycles (SCs) 23 and 24 (1996–2019) in 10 energy channels from about 20 to 100 MeV based on data from the Energetic and Relativistic Nuclei and Electron (ERNE) instrument aboard Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). For comparison, we added…

Parameter Study of Geoeffective Active Regions

Veronig, Astrid; Nedal, Mohamed; Pötzi, Werner +1 more

Geomagnetic storms (GSs) are major disturbances in the terrestrial atmosphere caused by the reconnection process between the incoming plasma ejecta in the solar wind and the planetary magnetosphere. The strongest GSs can lead to auroral displays even at lower latitudes, and cause both satellite and ground-based infrastructure malfunctions. The ear…

The Sun and Space Weather

Gopalswamy, Nat

The explosion of space weather research since the early 1990s has been partly fueled by the unprecedented, uniform, and extended observations of solar disturbances from space- and ground-based instruments. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from closed magnetic field regions and high-speed streams (HSS) from open-field regions on the Sun account for mo…