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Latitudinal and radial gradients of galactic cosmic ray protons in the inner heliosphere - PAMELA and Ulysses observations
Gieseler, J.; Heber, B.; Picozza, P. +5 more
Ulysses, launched on 6 October 1990, was placed in an elliptical, high inclined (80.2°) orbit around the Sun, and was switched off in June 2009. It has been the only spacecraft exploring high-latitude regions of the inner heliosphere. The Kiel Electron Telescope (KET) aboard Ulysses measures electrons from 3 MeV to a few GeV and protons and helium…
Solar particle event analysis using the standard radiation environment monitors: applying the neutron monitor's experience
Mavromichalaki, H.; Papaioannou, A.; Souvatzoglou, G. +3 more
The Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM) is a particle detector developed by the European Space Agency for satellite applications with the main purpose to provide radiation hazard alarms to the host spacecraft. SREM units have been constructed within a radiation hardening concept and therefore are able to register extreme solar particle e…
Three dimensional model of the interplanetary magnetic field and 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray intensity
Wawrzynczak, A.; Modzelewska, R.; Alania, M. V.
We present a model of the 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity for three dimensional (3-D) heliosphere with the heliolongitudinal and heliolatitudinal dependent radial solar wind speed for the period of 1995 - minimum epoch of solar activity (A>0). In the present model we implement heliolongitudinal asymmetry of solar win…