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Ion escape from the upper ionosphere of Titan triggered by the solar wind

Lazar, M.; Moslem, W. M.; El-Labany, S. K. +3 more

The observed escape of ions from the ionosphere of Titan suggests a potential role of the solar wind in the interaction with the upper atmospheric layers. We investigate such a plausible scenario using a hydrodynamic fluid approach for the plasma expansion in the upper ionosphere of Titan, combining (Maxwellian) electrons and three different speci…