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Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties

Prusti, T.; Mazeh, T.; Zucker, S. +451 more

Context. We present the second Gaia data release, Gaia DR2, consisting of astrometry, photometry, radial velocities, and information on astrophysical parameters and variability, for sources brighter than magnitude 21. In addition epoch astrometry and photometry are provided for a modest sample of minor planets in the solar system.
Aims: A sum…

Gaia Data Release 2. The astrometric solution

Mora, A.; Esquej, P.; Jordan, S. +87 more

Context. Gaia Data Release 2 (Gaia DR2) contains results for 1693 million sources in the magnitude range 3 to 21 based on observations collected by the European Space Agency Gaia satellite during the first 22 months of its operational phase.
Aims: We describe the input data, models, and processing used for the astrometric content of Gaia DR2,…

Gaia Data Release 2. Observational Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams

Prusti, T.; Mazeh, T.; Zucker, S. +450 more

Context. Gaia Data Release 2 provides high-precision astrometry and three-band photometry for about 1.3 billion sources over the full sky. The precision, accuracy, and homogeneity of both astrometry and photometry are unprecedented.
Aims: We highlight the power of the Gaia DR2 in studying many fine structures of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagra…

Gaia Data Release 2. Photometric content and validation

Gilmore, G.; Harrison, D. L.; Koposov, S. E. +43 more

Aims: We describe the photometric content of the second data release of the Gaia project (Gaia DR2) and its validation along with the quality of the data.
Methods: The validation was mainly carried out using an internal analysis of the photometry. External comparisons were also made, but were limited by the precision and systematics that…

Gaia Data Release 2. Using Gaia parallaxes

Prusti, T.; Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Castro-Ginard, A. +7 more

Context. The second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2) provides precise five-parameter astrometric data (positions, proper motions, and parallaxes) for an unprecedented number of sources (more than 1.3 billion, mostly stars). This new wealth of data will enable the undertaking of statistical analysis of many astrophysical problems that were previously i…

A Gaia DR2 view of the open cluster population in the Milky Way

Castro-Ginard, A.; Jordi, C.; Casamiquela, L. +10 more

Context. Open clusters are convenient probes of the structure and history of the Galactic disk. They are also fundamental to stellar evolution studies. The second Gaia data release contains precise astrometry at the submilliarcsecond level and homogeneous photometry at the mmag level, that can be used to characterise a large number of clusters ove…

Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70

Pinte, C.; Ménard, F.; Quanz, S. P. +122 more

Context. Young circumstellar disks are the birthplaces of planets. Their study is of prime interest to understand the physical and chemical conditions under which planet formation takes place. Only very few detections of planet candidates within these disks exist, and most of them are currently suspected to be disk features.
Aims: In this con…

Gaia Data Release 2. Kinematics of globular clusters and dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way

Prusti, T.; Mazeh, T.; Zucker, S. +444 more

Note to the Readers: Following the publication of the corrigendum, the article was corrected on 15 May 2020.

Context.
Aims: The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the outstanding quality of the second data release of the Gaia mission and its …

Gaia Data Release 2. Catalogue validation

Jordi, C.; Luri, X.; Cantat-Gaudin, T. +35 more

Context. The second Gaia data release (DR2) contains very precise astrometric and photometric properties for more than one billion sources, astrophysical parameters for dozens of millions, radial velocities for millions, variability information for half a million stars from selected variability classes, and orbits for thousands of solar system obj…

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog: Fourteenth data release

Green, Paul J.; Pâris, Isabelle; Petitjean, Patrick +38 more

We present the data release 14 Quasar catalog (DR14Q) from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV). This catalog includes all SDSS-IV/eBOSS objects that were spectroscopically targeted as quasar candidates and that are confirmed as quasars via a new automated procedure combined with…