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The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey. I. Introduction and observational overview
van Loon, J. Th.; Costa, E.; Howarth, I. D. +39 more
The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey (VFTS) is an ESO Large Programme that has obtained multi-epoch optical spectroscopy of over 800 massive stars in the 30 Doradus region of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Here we introduce our scientific motivations and give an overview of the survey targets, including optical and near-infrared photometry and compr…
Planck early results. VII. The Early Release Compact Source Catalogue
Kneissl, R.; Miville-Deschênes, M. -A.; Bernard, J. -P. +228 more
A brief description of the methodology of construction, contents and usage of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC), including the Early Cold Cores (ECC) and the Early Sunyaev-Zeldovich (ESZ) cluster catalogue is provided. The catalogue is based on data that consist of mapping the entire sky once and 60% of the sky a second tim…
Evolution of the solar irradiance during the Holocene
Solanki, S. K.; Usoskin, I.; Krivova, N. A. +1 more
Context. Long-term records of solar radiative output are vital for understanding solar variability and past climate change. Measurements of solar irradiance are available for only the last three decades, which calls for reconstructions of this quantity over longer time scales using suitable models.
Aims: We present a physically consistent rec…
The underlying physical meaning of the νmax - νc relation
Baudin, F.; Samadi, R.; Mosser, B. +4 more
Asteroseismology of stars that exhibit solar-like oscillations are enjoying a growing interest with the wealth of observational results obtained with the CoRoT and Kepler missions. In this framework, scaling laws between asteroseismic quantities and stellar parameters are becoming essential tools to study a rich variety of stars. However, the phys…
Filaments and ridges in Vela C revealed by Herschel: from low-mass to high-mass star-forming sites
Bernard, J. -P.; Martin, P. G.; Hill, T. +29 more
We present the first Herschel PACS and SPIRE results of the Vela C molecular complex in the far-infrared and submillimetre regimes at 70, 160, 250, 350, and 500 µm, spanning the peak of emission of cold prestellar or protostellar cores. Column density and multi-resolution analysis (MRA) differentiates the Vela C complex into five distinct su…
A new approach to the long-term reconstruction of the solar irradiance leads to large historical solar forcing
Schmutz, W.; Rozanov, E.; Shapiro, A. I. +4 more
Context. The variable Sun is the most likely candidate for the natural forcing of past climate changes on time scales of 50 to 1000 years. Evidence for this understanding is that the terrestrial climate correlates positively with the solar activity. During the past 10 000 years, the Sun has experienced the substantial variations in activity and th…
Planck early results. XVIII. The power spectrum of cosmic infrared background anisotropies
Kneissl, R.; Miville-Deschênes, M. -A.; Bernard, J. -P. +202 more
Using Planck maps of six regions of low Galactic dust emission with a total area of about 140 deg2, we determine the angular power spectra of cosmic infrared background (CIB) anisotropies from multipole ℓ = 200 to ℓ = 2000 at 217, 353, 545 and 857 GHz. We use 21-cm observations of Hi as a tracer of thermal dust emission to reduce the al…
Planck early results. XXV. Thermal dust in nearby molecular clouds
Kneissl, R.; Miville-Deschênes, M. -A.; Boulanger, F. +197 more
Planck allows unbiased mapping of Galactic sub-millimetre and millimetre emission from the most diffuse regions to the densest parts of molecular clouds. We present an early analysis of the Taurus molecular complex, on line-of-sight-averaged data and without component separation. The emission spectrum measured by Planck and IRAS can be fitted pixe…
Planck early results. XI. Calibration of the local galaxy cluster Sunyaev-Zeldovich scaling relations
Kneissl, R.; Dahle, H.; Miville-Deschênes, M. -A. +207 more
We present precise Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect measurements in the direction of 62 nearby galaxy clusters (z < 0.5) detected at high signal-to-noise in the first Planck all-sky data set. The sample spans approximately a decade in total mass, 2 × 1014 M⊙ < M500 < 2 × 1015 M⊙, where M…
The cool-core bias in X-ray galaxy cluster samples. I. Method and application to HIFLUGCS
Paltani, S.; Molendi, S.; Eckert, D.
Aims: When selecting flux-limited cluster samples, the detection efficiency of X-ray instruments is not the same for centrally-peaked and flat objects, which introduces a bias in flux-limited cluster samples. We quantify this effect in the case of a well-known cluster sample, HIFLUGCS.
Methods: We simulate a population of X-ray clusters …