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Electron density distribution and solar plasma correction of radio signals using MGS, MEX, and VEX spacecraft navigation data and its application to planetary ephemerides

Issautier, K.; Laskar, J.; Fienga, A. +3 more

The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Mars Express (MEX), and Venus Express (VEX) experienced several superior solar conjunctions. These conjunctions cause severe degradations of radio signals when the line of sight between the Earth and the spacecraft passes near to the solar corona region. The primary objective of this work is to deduce a solar corona…