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Interstellar Hydrides

Neufeld, David A.; Gerin, Maryvonne; Goicoechea, Javier R.

Interstellar hydrides—that is, molecules containing a single heavy element atom with one or more hydrogen atoms—were among the first molecules detected outside the solar system. They lie at the root of interstellar chemistry, being among the first species to form in initially atomic gas, along with molecular hydrogen and its associated ions. Becau…

Far-Infrared Surveys of Galaxy Evolution

Lutz, Dieter

Roughly half of the radiation from evolving galaxies in the early Universe reaches us in the far-infrared and submillimeter wavelength ranges. Recent major advances in observing capabilities, in particular the launch of the Herschel Space Observatory in 2009, have dramatically enhanced our ability to use this information in the context of multiwav…

Star Formation in the Milky Way and Nearby Galaxies

Kennicutt, Robert C.; Evans, Neal J.

We review progress over the past decade in observations of large-scale star formation, with a focus on the interface between extragalactic and Galactic studies. Methods of measuring gas contents and star-formation rates are discussed, and updated prescriptions for calculating star-formation rates are provided. We review relations between star form…