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Quadratic Magnetic Gradients From Seven- And Nine-Spacecraft Constellations

Shen, Chao; Kieokaew, Rungployphan; Zeng, Gang +1 more

To uncover the dynamics of magnetized plasma, it is crucial to determine the geometric structure of the magnetic field, which depends on its linear and quadratic spatial gradients. Estimating the linear magnetic gradient requires at least 4 simultaneous magnetic measurements, while calculating the quadratic gradients generally requires at least 10…

Investigation Of The Occurrence Of Significant Deviations In The Magnetopause Location: Solar-Wind And Foreshock Effects

Plaschke, Ferdinand; Grimmich, Niklas; Pöppelwerth, Adrian +7 more

Common magnetopause models can predict the location of the magnetopause with respect to upstream conditions from different sets of input parameters, including solar-wind pressure and the interplanetary magnetic field. However, recent studies have shown that some effects of upstream conditions may still be poorly understood since deviations between…