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The association of coronal mass ejections with their effects near the Earth

Schwenn, R.; Gonzalez, W. D.; Huttunen, E. +1 more

To this day, the prediction of space weather effects near the Earth suffers from a fundamental problem: The radial propagation speed of "halo" CMEs (i.e. CMEs pointed along the Sun-Earth-line that are known to be the main drivers of space weather disturbances) towards the Earth cannot be measured directly because of the unfavorable geometry. From …

Properties and geoeffectiveness of magnetic clouds in the rising, maximum and early declining phases of solar cycle 23

Schwenn, R.; Bothmer, V.; Koskinen, H. E. J. +1 more

The magnetic structure and geomagnetic response of 73 magnetic clouds (MC) observed by the WIND and ACE satellites in solar cycle 23 are examined. The results have been compared with the surveys from the previous solar cycles. The preselected candidate MC events were investigated using the minimum variance analysis to determine if they have a flux…