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Ionic loss from Venus upper ionosphere via plasma wake

Moslem, W. M.; Elsheikh, I. A.; Tolba, R. E. +2 more

Recent observations have detected significant escape of ions from the Venusian ionosphere. The measurements indicate that the composition of the escaping mix of ions may reach a critical ratio of H⁺ : O⁺ ≈ 2 : 1 , suggesting that it originated in water molecules, in line with the observed dryness of the planet. In this work, …