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The transport of galactic cosmic rays in heliosphere: The HELMOD model compared with other commonly employed solar modulation models

Gervasi, M.; Rancoita, P. G.; Boschini, M. J. +2 more

HELMOD model allows one to describe how solar modulation affects the propagation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) through the heliosphere by solving the Parker transport equation. HELMOD provides modulated spectra for protons and nuclei during high and low solar activity periods, in the inner and outer heliosphere, at Earth location and outside the …

A detailed comparison of techniques used to model drift in numerical cosmic ray modulation models

Ferreira, S. E. S.; Engelbrecht, N. Eugene; Mohlolo, S. T.

Drifts have long been known to play a significant role in the transport and modulation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), occurring due to gradients in, as well as the curvature of, the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF). GCRs also drift along the wavy current sheet, a structure separating regions of opposite HMF polarity. Furthermore, the influence o…

Galactic cosmic ray transport in inner heliosphere: Study with ion chamber and neutron monitor data for 1936-2006

Modzelewska, R.; Ahluwalia, H. S.; Gololobov, P. Yu.

Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) solar diurnal variation data recorded by shielded ion chambers at Cheltenham/Fredericksburg (CH-IC) and Yakutsk (Yak-IC) are corrected for diurnal temperature variation in upper atmosphere and used to calculate the ratio α of GCR free paths normal (λ_⊥) and parallel (λ||) to mean interplanetary magnetic field (I…