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Mars Express investigations of the Martian ionosphere using ASPERA-3 and new MARSIS fixed frequency modes

Barabash, Stas; Holmstrom, Mats; Sánchez-Cano, Beatriz +7 more

The plasma package Analyzer of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA-3) onboard Mars Express has observed ions and electrons accelerated by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) radar when it operates in its active ionospheric sounding mode. To better study the processes involved, new operational modes for MARS…

Temporal and spatial variation in subsurface cryosphere in East Coprates Planum, Mars

Dasgupta, Dipayan

There is general acceptance among researchers regarding the presence of a cryosphere in the subsurface of Mars. The two main geomorphic indications assumed to support the existence of this cryospheric layer are layered ejecta rampart craters and outflow channels. In essence, a layered ejecta rampart crater is a crater with an ejecta blanket having…