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Study of hot flow anomalies using Cluster multi-spacecraft measurements

Dandouras, I.; Daly, P. W.; Lucek, E. A. +2 more

Hot flow anomalies (HFAs) were first discovered in the early 1980s at the bow shock of the Earth. In the 1990s these features were studied, observed and simulated very intensively and many new missions (Cluster, THEMIS, Cassini and Venus Express) focused the attention to this phenomenon again. Many basic features and the HFA formation mechanism we…

Theoretical properties of offset bipolar electric field solitary structures in space plasmas

Torkar, Klaus; Liu, Zhenxing; Shi, Jiankui +1 more

The bipolar electric field solitary (EFS) structures have been frequently observed in the near Earth plasma regions, such as auroral zone, magnetopause, cusp regions, and magneto-tail. Sometimes these structures are observed as offset bipolar structures. In this paper, the properties of the offset bipolar EFS structures parallel to the magnetic fi…

On high-altitude electric fields in the auroral downward current region and their coupling to ionospheric electric fields

Marklund, G. T.

The downward field-aligned current region plays an active role in magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling processes associated with aurora. A quasi-static electric field structure with a downward parallel electric field forms at altitudes between 800 km and 5000 km, accelerating ionospheric electrons upward, away from the auroral ionosphere. Other pheno…