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A treatment of the all-clear problem for solar energetic particle events and subsequent decision making

Georgoulis, Manolis K.

We discuss the relatively overlooked problem of All Clear in Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) event prediction. These proton and heavier ion events are injected in major solar eruptions, propagate directionally into the heliosphere at relativistic speeds and threaten equipment and personnel at low-Earth orbit and beyond. SEPs are rare to extreme eve…