A sub-Neptune planet around TOI-1695 discovered and characterized with SPIRou and TESS
Carmona, A.; Donati, J. -F.; Winn, J. N.; Kóspál, Á.; Doyon, R.; Bonfils, X.; Ciardi, D. R.; Seager, S.; Twicken, J. D.; Figueira, P.; Widemann, T.; Kiefer, F.; Hébrard, G.; Cortés-Zuleta, P.; Boisse, I.; Delfosse, X.; Forveille, T.; Martioli, E.; Fong, W.; Vinatier, S.; Gonzales, E.; Stassun, K. G.; Arnold, L.; Lecavelier Des Etangs, A.; Fausnaugh, M.; Fouqué, P.; Gaidos, E.; Cadieux, C.; Martins, J. H. C.; Hesse, K.; Cristofari, P. I.; Artigau, E.; Shang, H.; Benneke, B.; de Almeida, L.; Cook, N. J.; Paegert, M.; Gomes da Silva, J.; Vandal, T.; do Nascimento, J. Dias; Lewis, H.; Liu, C. -F.
France, Brazil, Canada, United States, Portugal, Chile, Hungary, Germany, Taiwan
Abstract
TOI-1695 is a V-mag = 13 M-dwarf star from the northern hemisphere at 45 pc from the Sun, around which a 3.134-day periodic transit signal from a super-Earth candidate was identified in TESS photometry. With a transit depth of 1.3 mmag, the radius of candidate TOI-1695.01 was estimated by the TESS pipeline to be 1.82 R⊕ with an equilibrium temperature of ~620 K. We successfully detected a reflex motion of the star and establish that it is due to a planetary companion at an orbital period consistent with the photometric transit period, thanks to a year-long radial-velocity monitoring of TOI-1695 by the SPIRou infrared spectropolarimeter. We used and compared different methods to reduce and analyze those data. We report a 5.5σ detection of the planetary signal, giving a mass of 5.5±1.0 M⊕ and a radius of 2.03±0.18 R⊕. We derive a mean equilibrium planet temperature of 590±90 K. The mean density of this small planet of 3.6±1.1 g cm−3 is similar (1.7σ lower) than that of the Earth. It leads to a nonnegligible fraction of volatiles in its atmosphere with fH,He = 0.28−0.23+0.46% or fwater = 23±12%. TOI-1695 b is a new sub-Neptune planet at the border of the M-dwarf radius valley that can help test formation scenarios for super-Earth and sub-Neptune-like planets.