Establishing the accuracy of asteroseismic mass and radius estimates of giant stars. III. KIC 4054905, an eclipsing binary with two 10 Gyr thick disk RGB stars

Abstract

Context. Eclipsing binary stars with an oscillating giant component allow accurate stellar parameters to be derived and asteroseismic methods to be tested and calibrated. To this aim, suitable systems need to be firstly identified and secondly measured precisely and accurately. KIC 4054905 is one such system, which has been identified, but with measurements of a relatively low precision and with some confusion regarding its parameters and evolutionary state.
Aims: Our aim is to provide a detailed and precise characterisation of the system and to test asteroseismic scaling relations.
Methods: Dynamical and asteroseismic parameters of KIC 4054905 were determined from Kepler time-series photometry and multi-epoch high-resolution spectra from FIES at the Nordic Optical Telescope.
Results: KIC 4054905 was found to belong to the thick disk and consist of two lower red giant branch (RGB) components with nearly identical masses of 0.95 M_⊙ and an age of 9.9 ± 0.6 Gyr. The most evolved star with R ≃ 8.4 R_⊙ displays solar-like oscillations. These oscillations suggest that the star belongs to the RGB, supported also by the radius, which is significantly smaller than the red clump phase for this mass and metallicity. Masses and radii from corrected asteroseismic scaling relations can be brought into full agreement with the dynamical values if the RGB phase is assumed, but a best scaling method could not be identified.
Conclusions: The dynamical masses and radii were measured with a precision better than 1.0%. We firmly establish the evolutionary nature of the system to be that of two early RGB stars with an age close to 10 Gyr, unlike previous findings. The metallicity and Galactic velocity suggest that the system belongs to the thick disk of the Milky Way. We investigate the agreement between dynamical and asteroseismic parameters for KIC 4054905 measured in various ways. This suggests that consistent solutions exist, but the need to analyse more of these systems continues in order to establish the accuracy of asteroseismic methods.

Table A.1 is also available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/668/A82

Based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, owned in collaboration by the University of Turku and Aarhus University, and operated jointly by Aarhus University, the University of Turku, and the University of Oslo, representing Denmark, Finland, and Norway, the University of Iceland, and Stockholm University at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias.