Fabrication, test and performance of very large X-ray CCDs designed for astrophysical applications
Haberl, F.; Trümper, J.; Kendziorra, E.; Kemmer, J.; Dennerl, K.; Hartmann, R.; Strüder, L.; Krause, N.; Soltau, H.; Hauff, D.; Stötter, D.; Popp, M.; Meidinger, N.; Holl, P.; Pfeffermann, E.; Stadlbauer, T.; Hartner, G.; Reppin, C.; Briel, U.; Hippmann, H.; Weber, U.; Weichert, U.; Carathanassis, D.; Solc, P.; Zanthier, C. v.; Bräuniger, H.; Engelhard, S.; Lechner, P.; Seitz, H.
Germany
Abstract
A 6×6cm2 large X-ray CCD has been developed and fabricated at the Semiconductor Laboratory of the Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik. The CCD has been designed for the focal plane cameras of two satellite missions. The concept is a fully depleted pn-CCD which is sensitive over the whole wafer thickness of about 300μm. It has been especially developed for X-ray detection delivering a high quantum efficiency over the energy range between 0.2 and 15keV. A production yield of 27% was achieved. Seven good (almost) defect-free wafers were produced within the performance requirements, i.e. for temperatures below 180K they show a homogeneous noise level smaller than 5e-, a uniform spectral response with an energy resolution of 130eV for Mn-Kα and a reduction of the sensitive area due to defects by less than 0.3%. Three CCDs have now been integrated in the flight cameras. The presentation comprises special aspects related with the fabrication of very large CCDs, a summary of the performance parameters and results of the qualification procedure of the European and German Space Agencies.