HD 108: The mystery deepens with XMM-Newton observations

Abstract

In 2001, using a large spectroscopic dataset from an extensive monitoring campaign, we discovered that the peculiar Of star HD 108 displayed extreme line variations. This strange behaviour could be attributed to a variety of models, and an investigation of the high energy properties of HD 108 was needed to test the predictions from these models. Our dedicated XMM-Newton observation of HD 108 shows that its spectrum is well represented by a two temperature thermal plasma model with kT₁∼0.2 keV and kT₂∼1.4 keV. In addition, we find that the star does not display any significant short-term changes during the XMM-Newton exposure. Compared to previous Einstein and ROSAT detections, it also appears that HD 108 does not present long-term flux variations either. While the line variations continue to modify HD 108's spectrum in the optical domain, the X-ray emission of the star appears thus surprisingly stable: no simple model is for the moment able to explain such an unexpected behaviour. Thanks to its high sensitivity, the XMM-Newton observatory has also enabled the serendipitous discovery of 57 new X-ray sources in the field of HD 108. Their properties are also discussed in this paper.

Based on observations collected at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (France) and with XMM-Newton, an ESA Science Mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and the USA (NASA).