Hα Emission and H II Regions at the Locations of Recent Supernovae in Nearby Galaxies
Leroy, Adam K.; Chevance, Mélanie; Glover, Simon C. O.; Klessen, Ralf S.; Schinnerer, Eva; Emsellem, Eric; Chandar, Rupali; Úbeda, Leonardo; Thompson, Todd A.; Barnes, Ashley T.; Williams, Thomas G.; Egorov, Oleg V.; Kreckel, Kathryn; Grasha, Kathryn; Thilker, David A.; Dale, Daniel A.; Groves, Brent; Murphy, Eric J.; Lopez, Laura A.; Li, Jing; Chown, Ryan; Sarbadhicary, Sumit K.; Méndez-Delgado, J. Eduardo; Pathak, Debosmita; Mayker Chen, Ness
United States, Germany, France, Australia, United Kingdom
Abstract
We present a statistical analysis of the local, ≈50–100 pc scale, Hα emission at the locations of recent (≤125 yr) supernovae (SNe) in nearby star-forming galaxies. Our sample consists of 32 SNe in 10 galaxies that are targets of the PHANGS-MUSE survey. We find that 41% (13/32) of these SNe occur coincident with a previously identified H II region. For comparison, H II regions cover 32% of the area within ±1 kpc of any recent SN. Contrasting this local covering fraction with the fraction of SNe coincident with H II regions, we find a statistical excess of 7.6% ± 8.7% of all SNe to be associated with H II regions. This increases to an excess of 19.2% ± 10.4% when considering only core-collapse SNe (CCSNe). These estimates appear to be in good agreement with qualitative results from new, higher-resolution Hubble Space Telescope Hα imaging, which also suggests many CCSNe detonate near but not in H II regions. Our results appear consistent with the expectation that only a modest fraction of stars explode during the first ≲5 Myr of the life of a stellar population when Hα emission is expected to be bright. Of the H II region associated SNe, 85% (11/13) also have associated detected CO (2–1) emission, indicating the presence of molecular gas. The SNe associated with H II regions have typical extinctions of A V ∼ 1 mag, consistent with a significant amount of pre-clearing of gas from the region before the SNe explode.