SALT3-NIR: Taking the Open-source Type Ia Supernova Model to Longer Wavelengths for Next-generation Cosmological Measurements
Pérez-Fournon, I.; Fox, O. D.; Poidevin, F.; Shirley, R.; Galbany, L.; Rest, A.; Filippenko, A. V.; Foley, R. J.; Kessler, R.; Rubin, D.; Howell, D. A.; Ashall, C.; Shappee, B. J.; de Jaeger, T.; Do, A.; Burke, J.; Hiramatsu, D.; Jha, S. W.; Jones, D. O.; Calamida, A.; Brink, T. G.; Pierel, J. D. R.; Siebert, M. R.; Scolnic, D. M.; Dai, M.; Hounsell, R.; Tinyanont, S.; Gomez, S.; Strolger, L. G.; Wang, Q.; Kwok, L. A.; Kenworthy, W. D.; Peterson, E. R.; Barna, T.; Camacho-Neves, Y.
United States, Spain, United Kingdom
Abstract
A large fraction of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) observations over the next decade will be in the near-infrared (NIR), at wavelengths beyond the reach of the current standard light-curve model for SN Ia cosmology, SALT3 (~2800-8700 Å central filter wavelength). To harness this new SN Ia sample and reduce future light-curve standardization systematic uncertainties, we train SALT3 at NIR wavelengths (SALT3-NIR) up to 2 μm with the open-source model-training software SALTshaker, which can easily accommodate future observations. Using simulated data, we show that the training process constrains the NIR model to ~2%-3% across the phase range (-20 to 50 days). We find that Hubble residual (HR) scatter is smaller using the NIR alone or optical+NIR compared to optical alone, by up to ~30% depending on filter choice (95% confidence). There is significant correlation between NIR light-curve stretch measurements and luminosity, with stretch and color corrections often improving HR scatter by up to ~20%. For SN Ia observations expected from the Roman Space Telescope, SALT3-NIR increases the amount of usable data in the SALT framework by ~20% at redshift z ≲ 0.4 and by ~50% at z ≲ 0.15. The SALT3-NIR model is part of the open-source SNCosmo and SNANA SN Ia cosmology packages.