Disentangling the synchrotron and inverse Compton variability in the X-ray emission of the intermediate BL Lacertae object S5 0716+71

Abstract

Context: .The possibility to detect simultaneously in the X-ray band the synchrotron and Inverse Compton (IC) emission of intermediate BL Lac objects offers the unique opportunity to study contemporaneously the low- and high-energy tails of the electron distribution in the jets of these sources.
Aims: .We attempted to disentangle the X-ray spectral variability properties of both the low- and high-energy ends of the synchrotron and Inverse Compton emission of the intermediate BL Lac object S5 0716+71.
Methods: .We carried out spectral, temporal and cross-correlation analyses of the data from a long XMM-Newton pointing of S5 0716+71 and we compared our findings with previous results from past X-ray observations.
Results: .Strong variability was detected during the XMM exposure. Both the synchrotron and Inverse Compton components were found to vary on time scales of hours, implying a size of the emitting region of R⪉ 0.7δ /(1+z) light-hours. The synchrotron emission was discovered to become dominant during episodes of flaring activity, following a harder-when-brighter trend. Tight correlations were observed between variations in different energy bands. Upper limits on time lags between the soft and hard X-ray light curves are of the order of a few hundred seconds.