First Report of a Solar Energetic Particle Event Observed by China's Tianwen-1 Mission in Transit to Mars
Zhao, Lingling; Sun, Zhiyu; Yu, Yuhong; Zhang, Yongjie; Li, Gang; Wang, Yuming; Xu, Yi; Guo, Jingnan; Wang, Yi; Fu, Shuai; Zhang, Xiaoping; Li, Cunhui; Ding, Zheyi; Tang, Shuwen; Zhang, Haiyan; Hu, Xiangyu; Luo, Pengwei; Xie, Lianghai
China, United States
Abstract
Solar energetic particles (SEPs) associated with flares and/or coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven shocks can impose acute radiation hazards on space explorations. To measure energetic particles in near-Mars space, the Mars Energetic Particle Analyzer (MEPA) instrument on board China's Tianwen-1 (TW-1) mission was designed. Here, we report the first MEPA measurements of the widespread SEP event occurring on 2020 November 29 when TW-1 was in transit to Mars. This event occurred when TW-1 and Earth were magnetically well connected, known as the Hohmann-Parker effect, thus offering us a rare opportunity to understand the underlying particle acceleration and transport process. Measurements from TW-1 and near-Earth spacecraft show similar double-power-law spectra and a radial dependence of the SEP peak intensities. Moreover, the decay phases of the time-intensity profiles at different locations clearly show the reservoir effect. We conclude that the double-power-law spectrum is likely generated at the acceleration site and that a small but finite cross-field diffusion is crucial to understanding the formation of the SEP reservoir phenomenon. These results provide insight into particle acceleration and transport associated with CME-driven shocks, which may contribute to the improvement of relevant physical models.