On the cross-correlation of sub-mm sources and optically selected galaxies

Abstract

Bright submillimetre (sub-mm) galaxies are expected to arise in massive highly biased haloes, and hence exhibit strong clustering. We argue that a valuable tool for measuring these clustering properties is the cross-correlation of sub-mm galaxies with faint optically selected sources. We analyse populations of sub-mm detected and optical galaxies in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North (GOODS-N) survey area. Using optical/infrared photometric-redshift information, we search for correlations induced by two separate effects: (i) cosmic magnification of background sub-mm sources by foreground dark matter haloes traced by optical galaxies at lower redshifts and (ii) galaxy clustering due to sub-mm and optical sources tracing the same population of haloes where their redshift distributions overlap. Regarding cosmic magnification, we find no detectable correlation. Our null result is consistent with a theoretical model for the cosmic magnification, and we show that a dramatic increase in the number of sub-mm sources will be required to measure the effect reliably. Regarding clustering, we find evidence at the 3.5σ level for a cross-correlation between sub-mm and optical galaxies analysed in identical photometric redshift slices. The data hint that the sub-mm sources have an enhanced bias parameter compared to the optically selected population (with a significance of 2σ). The next generation of deep sub-mm surveys can potentially perform an accurate measurement of each of these cross-correlations, adding a new set of diagnostics for understanding the development of massive structure in the Universe.