The K2-ESPRINT project. VI. K2-105 b, a hot Neptune around a metal-rich G-dwarf
Tamura, Motohide; Hirano, Teruyuki; Sato, Bun'ei; Winn, Joshua N.; Kudo, Tomoyuki; Dai, Fei; Nowak, Grzegorz; Albrecht, Simon; Fukui, Akihiko; Kuzuhara, Masayuki; Narita, Norio; Palle, Enric; Van Eylen, Vincent; Kusakabe, Nobuhiko; Livingston, John; Yu, Liang; Hori, Yasunori; Ribas, Ignasi; Ryu, Tsuguru; Takeda, Yoichi
Japan, United States, Spain, Denmark, Netherlands
Abstract
We report on the confirmation that the candidate transits observed for the star EPIC 211525389 are due to a short-period Neptune-sized planet. The host star, located in K2 campaign field 5, is a metal-rich ([Fe/H] = 0.26 ± 0.05) G-dwarf (Teff = 5430 ± 70 K and log g = 4.48 ± 0.09), based on observations with the High Dispersion Spectrograph (HDS) on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope. High spatial resolution AO imaging with HiCIAO on the Subaru telescope excludes faint companions near the host star, and the false positive probability of this target is found to be <10-6 using the open source vespa code. A joint analysis of transit light curves from K2 and additional ground-based multi-color transit photometry with MuSCAT on the Okayama 1.88 m telescope gives an orbital period of P = 8.266902 ± 0.000070 d and consistent transit depths of Rp/R⋆ ∼ 0.035 or (Rp/R⋆)2 ∼ 0.0012. The transit depth corresponds to a planetary radius of R_p = 3.59_{-0.39}^{+0.44} R_{\oplus }, indicating that EPIC 211525389 b is a short-period Neptune-sized planet. Radial velocities of the host star, obtained with the Subaru HDS, lead to a 3 σ upper limit of 90 M⊕ (0.00027 M⊙) on the mass of EPIC 211525389 b, confirming its planetary nature. We expect this planet, newly named K2-105 b, to be the subject of future studies to characterize its mass, atmosphere, and spin-orbit (mis)alignment, as well as investigate the possibility of additional planets in the system.