Distances to Local Group Galaxies via Population II, Stellar Distance Indicators. II. The Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal

Abstract

We determine three independent Population II distance moduli to the Fornax dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy, using wide-field, ground-based VI imaging acquired with the Magellan-Baade telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. After subtracting foreground stars using Gaia EDR3 proper motions, we measure an I-band tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) magnitude of ${I}_{0}^{\mathrm{TRGB}}=16.753\pm {0.03}_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm {0.037}_{\mathrm{sys}}$ mag, with a calibration based in the LMC giving a distance modulus of ${\mu }_{0}^{\mathrm{TRGB}}=20.80\pm {0.037}_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm {0.057}_{\mathrm{sys}}$ mag. We determine an RR Lyrae (RRL) distance from template mean magnitudes, with periods adopted from the literature. Adopting a Gaia DR2 calibration of first overtone RRL period-luminosity and period-Wesenheit relations, we find ${\mu }_{0}^{\mathrm{PLZ}}=20.74\pm {0.01}_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm {0.12}_{\mathrm{sys}}$ mag and ${\mu }_{0}^{\mathrm{PWZ}}=20.68\pm {0.02}_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm {0.07}_{\mathrm{sys}}$ mag. Finally, we determine a distance from Fornax's horizontal branch (HB) and two galactic globular cluster calibrators, giving ${\mu }_{0}^{\mathrm{HB}}=20.83\pm {0.03}_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm {0.09}_{\mathrm{sys}}$ mag. These distances are each derived from homogeneous IMACS photometry, are anchored to independent geometric zero-points, and utilize different classes of stars. We therefore average over independent uncertainties and report the combined distance modulus <μ ₀> =20.770 ± 0.042_stat ± 0.024_sys mag (corresponding to a distance of 143 ± 3 kpc). ^* Based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with program No. 13691. Additional observations are credited to the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Science for the use of Magellan-Baade IMACS.