GRB 050223: a faint gamma-ray burst discovered by Swift
Campana, S.; Tagliaferri, G.; Cusumano, G.; Rol, E.; Gehrels, N.; Giommi, P.; O'Brien, P. T.; Godet, O.; Osborne, J. P.; Page, K. L.; Beardmore, A. P.; Burrows, D. N.; Levan, A. J.; Zhang, B.; Chincharini, G.; Cummings, J. R.; Goad, M. R.; Mangano, V.; Wells, A. A.
United Kingdom, United States, Italy
Abstract
GRB 050223 was discovered by the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer on 2005 February 23 and was the first gamma-ray burst (GRB) to be observed by both Swift and XMM-Newton. At the time of writing (2005 May), it has one of the faintest GRB afterglows ever observed. The spacecraft could not slew immediately to the burst, so the first X-ray and optical observations occurred approximately 45 min after the trigger. Although no optical emission was found by any instrument, both Swift and XMM-Newton detected the fading X-ray afterglow. Combined data from both of these observatories show the afterglow to be fading monotonically as 0.99+0.15-0.12 over a time-frame between 45 min and 27 h post-burst. Spectral analysis, allowed largely by the higher throughput of XMM-Newton, implies a power law with a slope of Γ= 1.75+0.19-0.18 and shows no evidence for absorption above the Galactic column of 7 × 1020 cm-2.
From the X-ray decay and spectral slopes, a low electron power-law index of p= 1.3-1.9 is derived; the slopes also imply that a jet-break has not occurred up to 27 h after the burst. The faintness of GRB 050223 may be due to a large jet opening or viewing angle or a high redshift.