Early-Type Galaxies in the PEARS Survey: Probing the Stellar Populations at Moderate Redshift

Abstract

Using Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) slitless grism spectra from the PEARS program, we study the stellar populations of morphologically selected early-type galaxies in the GOODS North and South fields. The sample—extracted from a visual classification of the (v2.0) HST/ACS images and restricted to redshifts z > 0.4—comprises 228 galaxies (i _F775W < 24 mag, AB) out to z lsim 1.3 over 320 arcmin², with a median redshift z _M = 0.75. This work significantly increases our previous sample from the GRAPES survey in the HUDF (18 galaxies over ~11 arcmin²). The grism data allow us to separate the sample into "red" and "blue" spectra, with the latter comprising 15% of the total. Three different grids of models parameterizing the star formation history are used to fit the low-resolution spectra. Over the redshift range of the sample—corresponding to a cosmic age between 5 and 10 Gyr—we find a strong correlation between stellar mass and average age, whereas the spread of ages (defined by the root mean square of the distribution) is roughly ~1 Gyr and independent of stellar mass. The best-fit parameters suggest that it is the formation epoch and not the formation timescale that best correlates with mass in early-type galaxies. This result—along with the recently observed lack of evolution of the number density of massive galaxies—motivates the need for a channel of (massive) galaxy formation bypassing any phase in the blue cloud, as suggested by the simulations of Dekel et al.