Contamination by Surface Effects of Time-Distance Helioseismic Inversions for Sound Speed beneath Sunspots

Abstract

Using Doppler velocity data from the SOI/MDI instrument on board the SOHO spacecraft, we do time-distance helioseismic inversions for sound-speed perturbations beneath 16 sunspots observed in high-resolution mode. We clearly detect ringlike regions of enhanced sound speed beneath most sunspot penumbrae, extending from near the surface to depths of about 3.5 Mm. Due to their location and dependence on frequency bands of p-modes used, we believe these rings to be artifacts produced by a surface signal probably associated with the sunspot magnetic field.