A gravitationally boosted MUSE survey for emission-line galaxies at z ≳ 5 behind the massive cluster RCS 0224

Abstract

We present a Very Large Telescope/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) survey of lensed high-redshift galaxies behind the z = 0.77 cluster RCS 0224-0002. We study the detailed internal properties of a highly magnified (μ ∼ 29) z = 4.88 galaxy seen through the cluster. We detect widespread nebular C IV λλ1548,1551 Å emission from this galaxy as well as a bright Lyα halo with a spatially uniform wind and absorption profile across 12 kpc in the image plane. Blueshifted high- and low-ionization interstellar absorption indicate the presence of a high-velocity outflow (Δv ∼ 300 km s^{- 1}) from the galaxy. Unlike similar observations of galaxies at z ∼ 2 - 3, the Lyα emission from the halo emerges close to the systemic velocity - an order of magnitude lower in velocity offset than predicted in 'shell'-like outflow models. To explain these observations, we favour a model of an outflow with a strong velocity gradient, which changes the effective column density seen by the Lyα photons. We also search for high-redshift Lyα emitters and identify 14 candidates between z = 4.8 - 6.6, including an overdensity at z = 4.88, of which only one has a detected counterpart in Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys+Wide Field Camera 3 imaging.