The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Molecular Gas Reservoirs in High-redshift Galaxies
Carilli, Chris; Bell, Eric F.; Bacon, Roland; Inami, Hanae; Smail, Ian; van der Wel, Arjen; Daddi, Emanuele; Colina, Luis; Rix, Hans-Walter; van der Werf, Paul; Walter, Fabian; Bouwens, Rychard; Aravena, Manuel; Chapman, Scott; Bauer, Franz; Decarli, Roberto; Elbaz, David; Swinbank, Mark; Sargent, Mark; Hodge, Jacqueline; da Cunha, Elisabete; Ota, Kazuaki; Cox, Pierre; Bertoldi, Frank; Weiss, Axel; Ivison, Rob; Riechers, Dominik; Magnelli, Benjamin; Popping, Gergö; Gónzalez-López, Jorge; Cortes, Paulo C.; Karim, Alex
Germany, United States, Chile, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Australia, France, Canada, Spain
Abstract
We study the molecular gas properties of high-z galaxies observed in the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey (ASPECS) that targets an ∼1 arcmin2 region in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF), a blind survey of CO emission (tracing molecular gas) in the 3 and 1 mm bands. Of a total of 1302 galaxies in the field, 56 have spectroscopic redshifts and correspondingly well-defined physical properties. Among these, 11 have infrared luminosities {L}{IR}\gt {10}11 {L}⊙ , I.e., a detection in CO emission was expected. Out of these, 7 are detected at various significance in CO, and 4 are undetected in CO emission. In the CO-detected sources, we find CO excitation conditions that are lower than those typically found in starburst/sub-mm galaxy/QSO environments. We use the CO luminosities (including limits for non-detections) to derive molecular gas masses. We discuss our findings in the context of previous molecular gas observations at high redshift (star formation law, gas depletion times, gas fractions): the CO-detected galaxies in the UDF tend to reside on the low-{L}{IR} envelope of the scatter in the {L}{IR}{--}{L}{CO}\prime relation, but exceptions exist. For the CO-detected sources, we find an average depletion time of ∼1 Gyr, with significant scatter. The average molecular-to-stellar mass ratio ({M}{{H}2}/M *) is consistent with earlier measurements of main-sequence galaxies at these redshifts, and again shows large variations among sources. In some cases, we also measure dust continuum emission. On average, the dust-based estimates of the molecular gas are a factor ∼2-5× smaller than those based on CO. When we account for detections as well as non-detections, we find large diversity in the molecular gas properties of the high-redshift galaxies covered by ASPECS.