Herschel protocluster survey: a search for dusty star-forming galaxies in protoclusters at z = 2-3
Lehmer, B. D.; Smail, Ian; Alexander, D. M.; Iono, D.; Kohno, K.; Umehata, H.; Yamada, T.; Matsuda, Y.; Hayashino, T.; Tanaka, I.; Swinbank, A. M.; Geach, J. E.; Erb, D. K.; Saito, T.; Steidel, C. C.; Tamura, Y.; Hatsukade, B.; Kato, Y.
Japan, United Kingdom, Germany, United States
Abstract
We present a Herschel/Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) survey of three protoclusters at z = 2-3 (2QZCluster, HS1700, SSA22). Based on the SPIRE colours (S350/S250 and S500/S350) of 250 μm sources, we selected high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies potentially associated with the protoclusters. In the 2QZCluster field, we found a 4σ overdensity of six SPIRE sources around 4.5 arcmin (∼2.2 Mpc) from a density peak of H α emitters at z = 2.2. In the HS1700 field, we found a 5σ overdensity of eight SPIRE sources around 2.1 arcmin (∼1.0 Mpc) from a density peak of Lyman-break galaxies at z = 2.3. We did not find any significant overdensities in SSA22 field, but we found three 500 μm sources are concentrated 3 arcmin (∼1.4 Mpc) east to the Ly α emitters overdensity. If all the SPIRE sources in these three overdensities are associated with protoclusters, the inferred star formation rate densities are 103-104 times higher than the average value at the same redshifts. This suggests that dusty star formation activity could be very strongly enhanced in z ∼ 2-3 protoclusters. Further observations are needed to confirm the redshifts of the SPIRE sources and to investigate what processes enhance the dusty star formation activity in z ∼ 2-3 protoclusters.