Infrared Space Observatory Observations toward the Reflection Nebula NGC 7023: A Nonequilibrium Ortho-to-Para-H2 Ratio
Rodríguez-Fernández, N. J.; Martín-Pintado, J.; Fuente, A.; de Vicente, P.; Kunze, D.; Rodríguez-Franco, A.
Spain, Germany
Abstract
We have observed the S(0), S(1), S(2), S(3), S(4), and S(5) rotational lines of molecular hydrogen (H2) toward the peak of the photodissociation region (PDR) associated with the reflection nebula NGC 7023. The observed H2 line ratios show that they arise in warm gas with kinetic temperatures ~300-700 K. However, the data cannot be fitted by an ortho-to-para-H2 ratio of 3. An ortho-to-para (OTP) ratio in the range ~1.5-2 is necessary to explain our observations. This is the first detection of a nonequilibrium OTP ratio measured from the H2 pure rotational lines in a PDR. The existence of a dynamical PDR is discussed as the most likely explanation for this low OTP ratio.
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK) and with participation of ISAS and NASA.